Soil Salinization and Problems with Cherry Plants

The present study analyzes the mineral and chemical composition of the soil in cherry plantations in a region with clay soils. The soil has a neutral to low-acidic pH (5–7), high electrical conductivity (EC = 2.190 mS/cm) and contains increased amounts of nitrates and chlorides, indicating excessive use of mineral fertilizers and extraction of chlorine minerals from the surrounding rocks. The main mineral is montmorillonite – a clay silicate that plays a key role in ion-cation exchange and the maintenance of soil fertility. The presence of the mineral halite (NaCl) has been found in the root tissues of cherry trees, which indicates the accumulation of salts affecting plant health. The study highlights the importance of the interaction between mineral composition, soil chemical properties and climatic conditions that determine the adaptation and development of cherry plantations. The results contribute to a better understanding of soil processes and can support the optimization of agrotechnical measures in the region.