Optimizing Circulation in Heritage Buildings: A Study of Key Parameters and Their Impact on User Experience and Sustainability

Circulation is a fundamental element in heritage buildings, directly impacting user experience, safety, inclusivity, and sustainability while heritage itself is the cultural and natural inheritance that is transferred from one generation to another. This study is an investigation of the optimization of circulation within heritage buildings by examining key parameters such as size, accessibility, flow, and safety. Employing a qualitative approach, the research analyzes multiple case studies from Nigeria, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and Benin Republic, alongside a comprehensive literature review. It further explores the integration of adequate circulation in heritage centre design, focusing on its impact on user experience and conservation of cultural and natural heritage. This study identifies key design principles and elements for integrating effective circulation systems. The study examines the relationship between circulation, wayfinding, and user engagement, highlighting the importance of intuitive navigation, spatial hierarchy, and contextual relevance. The findings reveal that circulation elements such as corridors and hallways, entrances and exits, elevators, staircases, signage and wayfinding as well as ramps are very crucial in the implementation of adequate circulation system in heritage centres. The findings provide valuable insights for architects, designers, and heritage professionals seeking to create engaging and accessible heritage centres that promote cultural understanding and appreciation, and to foster universal design in the built environment. It also highlights the challenges and best practices in integrating circulation systems in heritage contexts, emphasizing the balance between conservation imperatives and functional requirements. The study concludes with recommendations for enhancing circulation design to promote heritage preservation and sustainable, inclusive user engagement.