The Faltering Start of Digital Transformation of Public Services in Developing Countries

The research examines how digital transformation is implemented, its effects, and strategic adaptation in the public sectors of developing countries. It highlights how online technologies reshape public administration by increasing efficiency, enhancing transparency, and delivering citizen-focused services, while also supporting national development. The study also explores the role of digital public services in economic growth, employment, innovation, improved governance, and reducing digital exclusion. Persistent issues such as weak infrastructure, limited digital skills, regulatory barriers, and fragmented IT systems obstruct effective implementation. Drawing on international examples, the paper identifies key success factors: strategic leadership, process standardization, centralized IT control, capacity building, stakeholder engagement, and public-private collaboration. Cultural, organizational, and behavioral changes in governance are also integral to digital transformation, which extends beyond operational improvements. By analyzing implementation strategies, performance tools, and experiences of smaller municipalities, the study contributes to a theory of digital transformation tailored to the specific contexts of developing countries. This approach emphasizes institutional capacity, social inclusion, agility, and long-term adaptability for sustainable and effective transformation.